There are many employment visas that are available to immigrants, which include the EB, H-1B, L, O, P, R, etc., and depending on the category an Applicant may be eligible for a green card. Let’s briefly look at the EBs:
a) First Preference – (EB-1) Individuals with special abilities, distinguished academics, professors, researchers, and international executives are eligible for first preference permanent residency. People can provide evidence for why they should receive first preference. That evidence can range from a Pulitzer or Nobel Peace Prize, an athletic award, membership in a professional association, to a publication. This category is preferred if an individual qualifies for it, as there is no need for a labor certification process to be undertaken.
b) Second Preference (EB-2) Professionals with advanced degrees or workers with exceptional talent are eligible for the EB-2. If not applying for a ‘National Interest Waiver’, which is available to some EB-2 candidates, then your employer must be willing to undertake the labor certification process.
c) Third Preference (EB-3) Skilled workers, professionals and other workers are eligible for the third preference visa, who do not fit into any of the above categories. All three types of workers must have an employer to sponsor them and undertake the PERM process.
Workers are required to have at least two-years of experience and professionals usually require degrees from accredited universities. There can be long delays in the processing of this visa. Please refer to the visa bulletin.
d) Fourth Preference (EB-4) The following ‘Special Immigrants’ maybe eligible for the fourth preference visa:
- Religious workers.
- Panama Canal Company Employee, Canal Zone Government Employee, or U.S. Government in the Canal Zone Employee.
- Physician.
- G-4 International Organization Employee or Family Member or NATO-6 employee or family member.
- Broadcaster.
- Afghanistan or Iraq national who worked with the U.S. armed forces or under Chief of Mission authority as a translator.
- Iraq national who worked for or on behalf of the U.S. government in Iraq; or,
- Afghanistan national who worked for or on behalf of the U.S. government or the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan.
e ) Fifth Preference (EB-5) Investors and their immediate family members are eligible to apply for permanent residence if they can make the necessary investment in a commercial enterprise in the United States, and plan to create or preserve the permanent full-time jobs for qualified U.S. workers.
The money required for an investment has recently increased and the standard minimum investment is now $1.8 million (from $1 million) to account for inflation. The minimum investment in a Targeted Employment Area (TEA) has increased to $900,000 (from $500,000) to account for inflation, and future increases will also be tied to inflation (per the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, or CPI-U) and occur every 5 years.
The spouse and minor children (under the age of 21 years of age) of the above visa holders may be eligible to apply for green cards. The family members may live in the U.S. as permanent residents and pursue citizenship in five years after obtaining their LPR status. Children may receive schooling while the spouse can apply for authorization to work.
